Lutefisk is a Scandinavian dish made from dried whitefish that's been treated with lye, resulting in the fish having a gelatinous consistency and often, depending on the type of whitefish, a very strong, pungent odor. Both the Swedes and the Norwegians claim the dish as their own, but lutefisk is also prepared in Finland and in the United States, namely in the state of Minnesota, where it's predominantly consumed by Scandinavian immigrants.

After it's been cooked, the lye-treated fish is served with an array of side dishes. In Norway, it is typically served with boiled potatoes, mashed green peas, melted butter, and pieces of fried bacon, whereas a side of white sauce in combination with previously mentioned boiled potatoes and green peas is the traditional choice of Swedes and Finns.

Brathering is a traditional fish dish originating from Germany, consisting of marinated fried herring. Fresh herrings are rolled in flour or breaded, pan-fried, and marinated in a mixture of white wine vinegar, onions, sugar, salt, pepper, mustard seeds, and bay leaves.

The dish is traditionally served cold, and it’s typically accompanied by fried potatoes, rösti, or potato salad. The herrings can also be used in sandwiches, and nowadays canned brathering can be bought in most stores. The dish is usually enjoyed for lunch or as a snack at street food stands.

Hailing from the province of Jeolla, hongeo or hongeo-hoe is a South Korean specialty that consists of skate that gets fermented in its urine. This cartilaginous fish is known to eliminate urine through its skin, thus allowing for natural fermentation to take place in the flesh and helping to preserve it.

The process lends the fish its signature aromas that bring to mind the strong and pungent odors of ammonia and dirty public toilets. As this unpleasant odor follows diners long after they’ve had their share of hongeo, restaurants which specialize in this delicacy often offer their customers services such as keeping their jackets in sealed bags and spraying them with deodorant upon leaving. 

Fiskeboller, literally meaning fish balls, is a classic Norwegian dish made from minced white fish, flour, eggs, and milk. A hearty dinner staple for most Norwegians, fiskeboller are typically served in thick white sauce along with steamed vegetables, usually carrots, and boiled potatoes.

Since they resemble dumplings, they are also commonly referred to as fish dumplings and are typically made from cod, haddock, or pollock. Eaten on their own, the fish balls have a very mild, almost bland taste, which is why a favored version calls for the addition of curry powder and shrimp to the plain béchamel sauce for an exotic twist to the dish and a more pleasing flavor. 

Tortilla de raya is a simple Peruvian dish, a ray omelet that is one of the most popular ray dishes in the country. The dish is prepared by frying strips of cooked ray with eggs, garlic, and aji amarillo. It is traditionally served with the spicy rocoto chile on the side.

Although it may seem quite unsophisticated, this dish makes up for it in portion size, as tortilla de raya is so large that it usually covers the whole plate.

Tian bu la are Taiwanese fish cakes made with a thick paste which incorporates mild white fish fillets, eggs, and potato or tapioca flour. The generously seasoned mixture is piped directly in the sizzling oil, then deep-fried until golden brown.

The fish cakes are usually shaped in long and thin cylindrical forms, but they are sometimes flattened into thick, round discs. Even though they can be eaten immediately after frying, the Taiwanese traditionally boil them on low heat in a soy-sauce-based broth, which allows the crispy skin to soften, and the cake to infuse with all the pungent broth flavors.

If it is served as a crispy treat, it is usually skewered and enjoyed as a snack on the go. 

Bacalhau com todos is a festive Portuguese dish that is traditionally prepared every Christmas Eve and served for dinner. Literally translated to cod with everything, the dish is made with boiled cod, hard-boiled egg slices, and vegetables such as carrots, cabbage, and potatoes.

The dish is typically dressed with a generous drizzle of olive oil and white vinegar, while it is often flavored with garlic and garnished with freshly chopped parsley.

Fried pickled herring is a Danish classic that is characterized by its tender texture and mild acidity. Herring fillets are dusted with breadcrumbs or flour, shortly fried until crispy, then submerged in a lightly sweetened brine that is often spiced and enriched with vegetables.

Pickled herring is a Danish staple that is typically served as a topping on traditional open-faced smørrebrød sandwiches, but it is also commonly enjoyed as a starter or a part of the buffet-style meal service and holiday feasts.

Bacallà a la llauna is a traditional fish dish originating from Barcelona and dating back to the 19th century. The dish is made with a combination of salt cod, flour, garlic, paprika or pimentón, parsley, and olive oil. The salt cod is desalted, drained, dried, and the fillets are then dredged in flour and fried in olive oil until golden and not falling apart.

The garlic is sautéed in oil, and the paprika or pimentón is then fried in the same oil. Both are spooned over the fish and the dish is placed in a llauna – a rectangular pan with low and straight sides (alternatively, use a roasting pan or a rimmed baking sheet).