TABLE OF CONTENTS
Best African Herb/Spice Types
Za'atar is a traditional spice blend with Middle Eastern and Levantine origins. The ingredients used in za'atar vary from region to region, and the list often includes the wild za'atar herb (hyssop, growing throughout the Levant), marjoram, thyme, oregano, coriander, cumin, toasted sesame seeds, sumac, and salt.
The sumac imparts a lemony, citrusy flavor, oregano gives a slight bitterness, while marjoram gives notes of sweetness. The spice blend is commonly sprinkled over soups, dips, bread, meat, rice, pasta, vegetables, or rice dishes.
Berbere is an Ethiopian spice blend full of flavor and heat, made with a combination of spices such as chili, garlic, cumin, ginger, coriander, cinnamon, nigella, fenugreek, and ajwain. This spice blend can be used in its dry, powdery form, or as a paste, where the powder is combined with oil.
It is traditionally used in numerous meat dishes and stews, providing them with spiciness and depth of flavor.
Ras el hanout is a mixture which often includes up to 40 different spices, while some blends claim to include over 100. Literally translated, ras el hanout means top of the shop, suggesting that the spice blend is the best and finest thing a consumer can buy from the merchants.
Overall, the spice mix should be aromatic, warm, sharp, and slightly pungent, including some common, and some unusual ingredients such as dried lavender, caraway, galangal, a variety of peppers, dried rosebuds, and Japanese white ginger. Sometimes, ras el hanout can even contain hashish or a Spanish fly.
Taliouine saffron hails from the eponymous mountain village, located on the Souktana plateau, at an altitude of 1300-1500 meters above sea level, in Morocco’s region of Souss-Massa. The saffron is cultivated by a small number of producers, all of whom are members of the Coopérative Agricole de Taliouine, and the harvest typically takes place from October till November.
With a more intense flavor and aroma but less vivid colors than other types of saffron, this highly-prized saffron variety is considered to be the result of a unique combination of perfectly suited territory, the region’s unique climate, and the indispensable knowledge of the people who are involved in its production.
Produced by local women in the eponymous Moroccan village, set at the foothills of the eastern Anti-Atlas mountain range, Alnif cumin is traditionally gathered and processed from the end of April till the beginning of May. Bunches of hand-cut cumin plants are first dried, then beaten to extract the seeds, and finally sieved through a palm-leaf-woven container to filter out fine straw and dust.
Distinguished by excellent quality and intense aroma, this cumin variety can be used both whole and ground, and it commonly enhances the flavor of various traditional Moroccan specialties such as couscous, tajine, and soups. Alnif cumin also goes well in combination with boiled meat and vegetables and is highly appreciated for its curative properties and for having a relatively long shelf life.
MAIN INGREDIENTS
Duqqa is an Egyptian blend of herbs, toasted nuts, and spices such as cumin, sesame seeds, and coriander. The combination of these ingredients is ground into a coarse powder which can be used as a salad topping, a dip with olive oil and bread, or as a seasoning.
Its name is derived from the Egyptian Arabic word for to crush or to pound, referring to the method of production. Duqqa originated as peasant food and people mostly consumed it as a seasoning for bread. Due to its high protein and fat content, it provided sustenance throughout the day.
MAIN INGREDIENTS
Mitmita is an Ethiopian spice blend sold in the form of powder, consisting of ingredients such as cloves, cardamom, salt, cumin, ginger, cinnamon, and bird's eye chili. It is traditionally used as a dip for cooked and raw meat dishes, but it can also be used as a rub, or sprinkled on different foods.
Mitmita is even hotter than berbere, and it is often used in dishes such as kitfo or ful medames.
Mahleb or mahlepi is a unique spice made from the seed kernels of the Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry) tree, native to the Middle East and Southeastern Mediterranean.
The soft and chewy seed kernels are ground to a powder and used as a spice in various regional kinds of bread, cookies and cakes, meat stews, and pilafs. The taste can be described as sweet and slightly bitter, with a hint of almond and cherry. It is also believed that mahleb has medicinal properties, helping with digestive issues, respiratory problems, and inflammations.
Alligator pepper is a spice that's native to West Africa. It is a close relative of cardamom and shares the same family with ginger. The name "alligator pepper" comes from the appearance of the seed pods, which look somewhat like the rough, bumpy skin of an alligator.
Alligator pepper is used in a variety of cultural and culinary contexts in West Africa. The small, brown seeds are often used whole or ground into a powder for use in soups, stews, and other dishes, providing a spicy, slightly bitter flavor. Alligator pepper is also used in traditional medicine and has cultural significance in certain ceremonies and rituals.
Njansa is a spice native to tropical Africa, used in West and Central African cuisine, particularly in countries like Cameroon, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, and Ghana. The spice comes from the seeds of a tree scientifically named Ricinodendron heudelotii.
The njansa tree produces a fruit that, when ripe, splits open to reveal an inner seed. This seed is typically dried in the sun and can be used whole, crushed, or ground as a flavoring in a variety of dishes. Njansa seeds have a flavor profile that can be described as a mix of nutty, spicy, and bitter.
TasteAtlas food rankings are based on the ratings of the TasteAtlas audience, with a series of mechanisms that recognize real users and that ignore bot, nationalist or local patriotic ratings, and give additional value to the ratings of users that the system recognizes as knowledgeable. For the “Top 20 African Herbs and Spices” list until March 23, 2025, 1,322 ratings were recorded, of which 318 were recognized by the system as legitimate. TasteAtlas Rankings should not be seen as the final global conclusion about food. Their purpose is to promote excellent local foods, instill pride in traditional dishes, and arouse curiosity about dishes you haven’t tried.