Panforte di Siena is a traditional dessert also known as Siena cake. The modern panforte variety is made with nuts, dried fruit, and a generous amount of spices such as cardamom, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves. All of the ingredients are combined with a sugary syrup, usually made with butter, sugar, and honey, and the cake is generously dusted with powdered sugar.

This mixture of ingredients forms an unusual and dense cake with a firm structure and an interesting flavor combination. Believed to have originated in the 13th century in Siena, a city in central Tuscany, it has become an indispensable part of traditional Italian confectionery production.

The dessert is famous for its historical role during the battle of Montaperti when it was a common staple among Sienese soldiers. However, the original panforte, which was initially only made by nuns, was dusted with a coating of white pepper, which gave the cake a more unusual flavor.

This tradition had been changed in the 19th century when the British Queen came to visit Siena, and the recipe was slightly altered to soften the flavors. Today, panforte can be found in numerous bakeries throughout Siena. It is also a common staple during the Christmas festivities, and it is recommended to pair it with a cup of strong coffee or a glass of flavorful dessert wine.