Saperavi is a resilient red Georgian grape that originated in the eastern region of Kakheti, and though it is still predominant in Georgia, small amounts are also grown in other Eastern European regions, Australia, and the United States. This teinturier grape that has dark skins and flesh produces full-bodied wines of a dark garnet color which are characterized by aromas of ripe red berries and pleasant acidity. Most wines produced from the Saperavi grapes are varietal and have a great tendency to age. Sapervai wines are incredibly versatile and can match a variety of dishes, including delicate fish dishes, stews, grilled meat, or game.

Barbera d’Asti (DOCG) is an Italian red wine produced on the hilly vineyards in the provinces of Asti and Alessandria in Piedmont. The minimum of 90% Barbera grapes must be used in its production, while the other 10% may be made up with Freisa, Grignolino or Dolcetto varieties. The wines are mostly ruby red and well-balanced, with notes of red and black fruits, while Superiore varieties, which are aged for at least six months in wood, may have hints of spiciness. The wine pairs well with dark meat, mushrooms, matured cheese, and braised greens.

Primitivo is an Italian grape variety with quite interesting origins. Research conducted in 1994 proved that the grape is identical to Californian Zinfandel, while it was later discovered that both grapes originated from an old and obscure Croatian grape Crljenak Kaštelanski. Despite the same lineage, these grapes are influenced by their terroir, and they can slightly differ in character. In Italy, Primitivo is mostly cultivated in Apulia, where it is used in the appellation Primitivo di Manduria. Primitivo is a somewhat rustic wine, dark, intense, and rich in tannins that tend to mellow with age. Young styles usually display fruity aromas of cherries, plums, and blackberries, as well as floral notes of violets. Aged varieties tend to develop nuances of cocoa, tobacco, and spices. Primitivo is best paired with meat dishes and aged cheese. It can also work well with lamb, vegetable dishes, game, and legumes.

Ribera del Duero is a Spanish appellation located in several provinces of Castilla and Leon, in north-central Spain. The region is best known for big and bold varietals made with Tempranillo, also known as Tinto Fino or Tinta del Pais. The blends have to include 75% Tempranillo, while other permitted varieties include Garnacha, white Albillo, and international varieties Malbec, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon. Ribera del Duero wines are built to age. With time, they develop complexity and become more balanced. Most of the wines are deeply colored, full-bodied, and well-structured with bright acidity and aromas of ripe fruit, vanilla, and spices. Aging requirements are similar to those in Rioja. Crianza is the youngest, aged for two years and 12 months in oak. Reserva labels are aged at least three years with at least 12 months in oak, and the Gran Reservas have to be aged for five years, including two years of oak aging. The D.O was established in 1982 when the region had merely nine wineries. Now, there are more than 300. Because of their fruit character and good acidity, Ribera del Duero are food-friendly wines that can agree with different types of food, from sausages, appetizers, and pasta dishes to roast meat (pork, beef, lamb), BBQ dishes, casseroles, game, and aged cheese.

Burgundy is a world-famous French wine region that produces some of the best and most expensive wines in the world. Located in the east-central part of France, the area is dominated by Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. Other red and white grapes such as Aligoté, Pinot Gris, or Gamay are also used, but on a much lower scale. Burgundy has more than 100 approved wine-growing areas, all regulated by a complex quality system that divides the region into grand cru, premier cru, village wines, and regional appellations. The wines are greatly influenced by terroir and show great diversity in flavors and aromas. Most Burgundy reds display complex and layered aromas of fresh fruit and spices, along with earthy notes of leather, truffle, or mushrooms. Older examples tend to develop juicier expressions of cooked fruit or jam. White wines are characterized by floral, fruity, and buttery aromas, which are often complemented by citrus or honey-like notes. Because of their diversity, white and red Burgundy wines can pair with a wide variety of dishes, including appetizers, charcuterie, meat or fish-based main courses, desserts, and regional cheese varieties.

Naousa is a Greek appellation located in the region of Macedonia. The wines produced under the designation are made exclusively from Xynomavro—an indigenous Greek grape that is often compared to Pinot Noir and Nebbiolo. Naousa wines display the perfect balance of tannins, sugar, and acidity, while the typical aromas and flavors include a complex combination of savory notes that are often reminiscent of dark and red fruit, tomatoes, plums, earth, tobacco, herbs, and spices. Naousa ages exceptionally well and is rarely enjoyed young. Because of its complexity and finesse, it is often cited as one of the finest Greek wines. An ideal pairing for this tannic wine is game, lamb, tomato-based sauces, rich stews, sausages, mushrooms, and aged cheese.

Châteauneuf-du-Pape is the largest and the most important appellation in the southern part of the Rhône Valley that comprises of five communes. Most Châteauneuf-du-Pape wines are predominantly red blends, with a small percentage of whites. Officially eighteen grape varieties are allowed, including different colors of the same grape variety. However, the most common are Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah, and Cinsault grapes. These rich wines can greatly differ in style, but they are mainly characterized by the spicy and earthy aromas of red berries, black pepper, tar, and leather. The lighter versions are suitable for relatively early drinking, while some age-worthy blends are cellared before they are enjoyed. Châteauneuf-du-Pape wines are perfect to serve alongside grilled beef, veal, pork, game, sausages, lamb, stews, braised dishes, cassoulets, and rich seafood dishes.

This full-bodied, red wine is made from Nebbiolo grapes in a small area in Piedmont with a unique soil and climate conditions. It has been produced since the 19th century, and soon after its invention, it became a favorite among the Italian and European nobility. According to Italian DOCG regulations, Barolo needs to matured for at least 36 months, while those aged for five years carry the prestigious Riserva label. It is a robust, but elegant wine, which is very high in tannins that soften with aging. Because of its distinctive notes of rose petals, dark fruit, tobacco, mocha, tar, and truffles, it pairs well with various dishes. Serve it with beef or game meat, aromatic tomato and truffle sauces, or aged and blue cheese varieties.

Baga is a red grape variety mostly used in the Portuguese Bairrada appellation. This dark-skinned grape can produce wines of various characters, but until the 1980s, most producers used it for inexpensive bulk wines. When the approach and the techniques were adjusted, it was shown that Baga is able to produce excellent quality wines with great aromatic structure, good acidity, and firm tannins. Baga wines are built for long aging and significantly benefit from the time spent in the bottle. The powerful tannins will tone down, and the aromas usually gain some elegance and complexity. Young Baga wines will have aromas of red berries and fruit, which may evolve into more complex expressions of tobacco, plums, and coffee. The usual bright acidity found in Baga wines makes them an excellent pairing with food. They can match hearty meat dishes and would go especially well with red meat. Some examples would also work well with seafood or cheese. Apart from red wines, Braga has recently been used in the production of excellent sparkling rosés. The grape is also used in Mateus Rosé—popular and uncomplicated Portuguese rosé.

Brunello di Montalcino is a red Italian wine produced in the vineyards surrounding the town of Montalcino in the Tuscany wine region. Though it was initially considered to be made from a separate grape variety named Brunello, it was later discovered that the grape used in the production of the wine is in fact Sangiovese. Regarded as one of the most renowned Italian wines, Brunello di Montalcino was awarded the designation of origin (DOCG), and it is produced with 100% Sangiovese grapes. At first, it comes off as juicy and spicy, with notes of oregano and balsamic, and it may develop strong aromas of cherry and leather. The wine pairs well with red meat and rich, tomato-based dishes, and it usually sells at a lower price than the prestigious Barolo wines.

Named after a village nestled in the Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche Nature Park, in the northern part of the Andalusian province of Huelva, Jabugo is a variety of the popular Spanish Ibérico ham or shoulder ham made from the meat of the pure-bred Iberian pig or cross-breed of the local Manchado de Jabugo pig, with at least 75 % Iberian blood. The unique metabolism of these animals allows their fat to integrate into the muscles, evenly marbling the meat, which results in the distinctive flavor and juiciness of each ham. Reared in the so-called 'dehesas', agro-forested lands used primarily for grazing, sparsely wooded with holm and cork oaks, Iberian pigs gorge on acorns which give the meat a particularly sweet and nutty flavor. Although primarily registered as Jamón de Huelva, in 2015 the product was officially registered as Jabugo. The ham has a distinctive long and slender shape given by the V-shaped Serrano cut. After salting, the hams are washed and air-dried in vast bodegas for about 24-30 months. Jabugo can be enjoyed just like any other ham, but to fully indulge in its seductive flavor, it is often served on its own with a glass of sherry or red wine.

Njeguška pršuta is a prosciutto variety originating from the area of Njeguši in Montenegro, hence the name. Pork ham is traditionally salted with sea salt, pressed in order to remove excess liquid, then smoked and dried in the cool mountain air, after which it is left to mature, so the whole process typically takes about a year. The meat is smoked over beech wood, imparting a unique flavor and aroma to this delicacy. When fully matured, this meat product is thinly sliced and can be paired with anything from cheese and bread to salads and pasta dishes.

Known as crème de la crème of Italian hams, with a tradition dating back to the 14th century, Culatello di Zibello is one of the most prized products of Parma nowadays made only with pigs raised in the regions of Emilia-Romagna and Lombardia. Culatello is tender, rich in flavor and has a refined, winey taste. It is one of the leaner forms of cured pork, cut from the best part of the whole fresh ham, and cured with a mixture of salt, pepper, garlic and dry white wine. Since it is stuffed in a natural casing, most often a pig's bladder, and tied with twine, Culatello is sometimes classified as a type of salami. However, this doesn't do it justice because as outstanding as most prosciutto hams can be, real Culatello di Zibello tastes even better and can cost up to three times as much! These delicious hams must age for at least 11 months, but they are best enjoyed between 14 and 18 months. To bring out the best of its flavor, Culatello needs to be soaked in dry white wine for a couple of days, after which the skin is removed and fat trimmed off. Once it has been sliced, the best way to conserve it is to coat it with olive oil or butter, wrap it in a linen towel and store it in a cold place.

Produced in the hilly area around the town of San Daniele in the province of Udine, Prosciutto di San Daniele is even sweeter and darker in color with a more delicate flavor than in other varieties. In the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, where the winds from the Carnic Alps meet the breezes coming in from the Adriatic, Prosciutto di San Daniele is made using only local sea salt. The curing process here differs a little from other regions since San Daniele hams are stacked on top of each other and left to mature for at least 13 months. Up until recently, only large pig breeds such as Landrace, Large White and Duroc were used for ham production, however due to an increase in demand, San Daniele hams can now be made with other local breeds. Prosciutto di San Daniele has a rich, sweet flavor and is traditionally served as an appetizer with homebaked breads, melons, and figs.

Jamón Serrano is a cured ham produced using the traditional methods dating back to Roman times. This ham has a bright pink to purple color and shiny appearance when cut. This ham is made in four separate steps that include salting, washing, post-salting, and drying or maturation. Jamón Serrano is cured and dried without skin for more than a year and has a delicate and characteristic aroma. Not much salt is used during the production of this emblematic ham, which makes it only slightly salty and brings out sweet notes that complement the flavor beautifully. The taste is intense and complex, with dominating woody and nutty notes that are paired with balanced sweet and savory flavors.

Carefully crafted with the same diligent care since the Roman times, Prosciutto di Parma is a true masterwork of time and tradition, and a gold standard of Italian prosciutto. The pigs of the Large White, Landrace and Duroc breed used in the production of this ham must also meet high quality standards, be bred in one of 10 northern and central Italian regions and fed a diet of grains, cereals and whey of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, which contributes to the complex taste of the meat. Apart from the characteristic microclimate of the Parma region, which is ideal for the drying of prosciutto, a vital part of the curing process is salting. The expert Maestro Salatore (salt master) measures the minimum amount of sea salt required to preserve the meat. This respects the tradition of 'Cultura del Dolce' (the Culture of the Sweet), with the signature taste of Prosciutto perfectly balancing between salty and sweet. Parma ham spends three months hanging during the riposo or resting phase. To stop it from drying too quickly, around 7 months after the salting process the ham is smeared with sugna, a mixture of rice flour, salt, and pork fat. By strict regulations, Prosciutto di Parma must be matured for at least one year before it is given the Ducal Crown firebrand, and some are even cured for up to 3 years. The meat gradually becomes darker and harder, attaining its unique full-bodied flavor. For maximum enjoyment, Parma ham is sliced thin and served as an appetizer with focaccia or a warm piadina, some cheese and porcini mushrooms preserved in oil or wrapped around grissini and paired with a local sparkling wine like Lambrusco or Malvasia.

Alentejo ham is a regional specialty made from the legs and shoulders of Alentejo pigs produced in the districts of Castelo Branco, Portalegre, Santarém, Évora, Beja, Setubal, and Faro. These areas typically have hot and dry summers and cold winters. Throughout the centuries, the residents of these regions learned to work with this climate to develop a natural drying process for ham that does not resort to the use of smoke or any other external factors besides the addition of salt. When cut, the ham is reddish-pink to dark red and highly marbled. It has a soft and mildly fibrous texture that is tender and succulent when sliced. The ham has a sweet and slightly salty flavor with a lingering spicy note, and its aroma is pleasant and mild. It is traditionally served in slices with bread or cheese. To make the most of this ham, the leftover bone is often used to flavor soup stock.

Jamón Ibérico is a unique ham produced both in Spain and in Portugal. It is made from black ibérico pigs who eat a diet of corn, acorns, and other feed, most of them roaming freely across the pastures. As a result, the cured ham is dark red, marbled with veins of fat. Its flavor is sweet, nutty, and just slightly salty. There are four types of jamón ibérico, depending on the diet of the pigs, namely de bellota (acorns, three years minimum), 100% de bellota, cebo de campo (cereals, free-range pigs), and de cebo (cereals, commercially reared pigs).

Regarded as the most exquisite variety of Iberian ham, or jamón ibérico, this ham is made with the meat of 100% purebred black Iberian pigs that have been roaming freely across oak pastures (Dehesa) and feeding on an acorn-based (bellota) diet. Apart from these specifications, the pigs also have to be reared in one of the designated places of origin as well as fulfill the specified standards of bellota ham production to receive the most renowned black label or pata negra status - denoting the highest-quality Iberian ham. The salt-cured and air-dried ham is typically aged for about three years or more, yielding dark red meat which is marbled with golden-hued veins of fat and defined by a sweet and nutty flavor, with just the right amount of saltiness. The Iberian bellota pigs are reared in four Spanish designated areas of origin (DO) including the Dehesa de Extremadura, Salamanca, Huelva, and Valle de Los Pedroches, along with one Portuguese region (Barrancos). The pigs used for the production of jamón ibérico de bellota are often dubbed olives with feet due to the high oleic acid content of the pig’s fat, which is comparable to that of virgin olive oil.

This variety of Iberian ham is produced with meat coming from acorn-fed Iberian pigs that are either 75% or 50% pure Iberian breed, meaning they have been crossbred with other pigs such as the Duroc breed. As in the case of jamón 100% ibérico de bellota, the pigs used in the production of this ham are allowed to roam freely across the oak pasturelands in their final rearing stage, known as the montanera, eating an acorn-based diet until they reach the desired weight for the sacrifice, or the matanza as the Spanish call it. Jamón ibérico de bellota makes for about 13% of the total Iberian ham production and is distinguished by a red label. The designated areas of Iberian bellota ham production include the Dehesa de Extremadura, Salamanca, Huelva, and Valle de Los Pedroches in Spain, along with Barrancos in Portugal.

Neufchâtel is a soft cheese with a white rind made from cow's milk in the humid Bray region in France and it can come in a variety of shapes - round, brick-shaped, square-shaped, or heart-shaped. This cheese is arguable the oldest in France, and it must mature for at least 10 days. In terms of flavor, it is similar to Camembert, but saltier and more intense, with mushroomy and nutty flavors. The texture is grainy, and the cheese is usually used as a low-fat substitute for cream cheese. Neufchatel goes well with sparkling wines, and it is often consumed spread on a piece of crusty bread.

Buche de Chevre is a French cheese originating from the Poitou-Charentes region. Made from goat's milk, this soft cheese has a white color, bloomy rind, and a creamy, flaky texture. The flavors are tangy, earthy, and slightly sweet. The cheese is shaped into a log and it must mature for at least 7 days before consumption. It is recommended to serve Buche de Chevre with crusty baguettes, fruit, or honey. The cheese can also be used in salads and quiches. Pair it with a glass of robust red Bordeaux wine or a glass of crisp white wine from the Loire Valley.

Brie de Meaux is a soft French cheese made from cow's milk. The flat cheese has a delicate rind covered in white mold. It matures in cellars on straw mats in the Île-de-France area near Paris for at least four weeks. This particular variety of Brie is the most famous of all, and in the past, it has been known as the cheese of royalty and well-off people. It is important to let the Brie reach room temperature before consumption in order to fully appreciate its range of flavors - moldy, mushroomy, nutty, and fruity. The cheese is commonly used in French culinary specialties such as Galettes briardes and Bouchées á la reine au Brie. Pair it with Champagne or full-bodied red wines.

Valençay is a soft cheese with an unusual visual appearance, made from goat's milk in the French regions of Cher, Indre, Indre-et-Loire and Loir-et-Cher. It is shaped like a pyramid with its top cut off, and according to a legend, it used to have a full pyramid shape until Napoleon cut the top off with his sword upon his arrival back home from a failed expedition to Egypt. The cheese is covered with a natural blue-gray mold coated with a mix of salt and charcoal and its body is smooth and dense in texture while the taste is slightly piquant, mild, nutty and lemony. Pair it with dry white or sparkling wines.

Brie de Melun is a soft, flat-formed cheese made from unpasteurized cow's milk in the areas of Aube and Yonne and the Brie region of Île-de-France. This Brie is even smaller than its widely popular cousin Brie de Meaux and it is also stronger and saltier in taste. Its body is golden yellow and has a white, moldy rind with dispersed reddish strokes. Brie de Melun needs more time to be produced than Brie de Meaux, and it also matures for quite a longer period (4-8 weeks). The flavor of the cheese is fruity, musty and reminiscent of straw. It goes well with bread, pears and lighter red wines that will not overpower the delicate flavors of Brie de Melun.

Camembert de Normandie, Normandy's most famous and iconic cheese is made from raw cow's milk and weighs an average of 250 grams. The flavor is intense, pungent and similar to that of mushrooms, grass and butter, while the aroma is moldy and cabbage-like. As one legend says, a farming woman named Marie Harel protected a priest who was on the run and in return, he gave her the recipe for the Camembert we know today. The cheese is ladled into molds by hand, dry-salted, then matured for 30 to 35 days. Its body is soft and creamy while its exterior is covered with a white, moldy rind. Camembert is usually packed in a small wooden box, to prevent the running and spilling of its gooey interior. It is best to try it with sliced apples, crusty baguettes, hard ciders or even in desserts.

Délice de Bourgogne is a French triple crème cheese originating from the region of Burgundy, hence the name. The cheese is made from cow’s milk and butterfat, and it has a fat content of 75%. Its texture is smooth and creamy, while the flavors are tangy, tart, salty, buttery, and mushroomy. The rind is white, bloomy, and quite pungent. It is recommended to serve the cheese on its own or pair it with ciders and white wines.

Originally known as Excelsior, Délice des Gourmets, or Le Magnum, this triple-cream cheese was first produced in the late 1800s near Forges-les-Eaux, Normandy. In the 1930s, to pay homage to an 18th-century gourmet Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, the famous French cheesemaker Henri Androuët renamed the cheese to Brillat-Savarin. Available year round throughout Normandy and Burgundy, Brillat-Savarin is a soft, white-crusted cow's milk cheese with at least 75% butterfat, and an edible snowy rind. It is luscious, creamy, and neutral to faintly sour when fresh, but it can develop pronounced earthy flavors with longer aging. Like any other triple-crème cheese, Brillat-Savarin is best enjoyed with sparkling wines, and for a nice fruity twist, try pairing it with fresh berries.

Often called the heavenly cheese, St. André is a French triple-crème cheese made from cow’s milk. It originated from Coutances in the region of Normandy. Underneath its bloomy edible rind, there is a dense, creamy-textured body with mild and rich aromas and flavors which can best be described as sour, tangy, buttery, and salty. Because it is enhanced with the addition of heavy cream, its fat content is quite high - typically 75%. It is recommended to pair it with crusty bread, pear slices, or a glass of light and fruity rosé.

Saint-Félicien is a soft French cheese originating from the region of Rhône-Alpes. The cheese is made from cow’s milk and has a creamy texture, while its flavor can be described as fruity, sour, nutty, and buttery. During the aging process, it develops a bloomy rind with a strong mushroomy aroma which does not really match the flavors of the cheese. Due to its fragile nature, this cheese often comes packaged in small terracotta pots. It is recommended to pair it with crusty baguettes, olives, or a glass of red wine.

Nebbiolo is the highly-praised Italian grape that is mostly cultivated and gives the best results in its native Piedmont. Wines made with this red-skinned grape tend to be powerful, age-worthy, and high in tannins as well as acidity. Distinctive aromas found in Nebbiolo wines are often described as tar and roses, with the accompanying notes of cherries, violets, leather, truffles, licorice, and undergrowth. The grape is mostly used as a varietal, and it is best known as the backbone of the exceptional and expensive Barolo and Barbaresco. A small amount of Nebbiolo is also cultivated in California and Australia. Nebbiolo-based wines should be paired with rich meat dishes, but they can also work well with acidic or mushroom-based sauces, moderately spicy Asian cuisine, truffles, and aged cheese.

Garnacha, also known as Grenache in France, is a widely cultivated red wine grape variety known for producing wines with rich, fruity flavors and high alcohol content. It is one of the most versatile and widely planted grape varieties in the world, thriving in warm, dry climates. Garnacha grapes are typically medium to large in size with thin skins, which contribute to the grape's characteristic light color and relatively low tannin levels. Wines made from Garnacha often exhibit flavors of red fruits such as raspberry, strawberry, and cherry, along with spicy notes of white pepper, cinnamon, and hints of herbs and earthiness. As the wines age, they can develop more complex flavors, including leather, tobacco, and dried fruits. Garnacha is grown in several wine regions around the world, with notable concentrations in France, Spain, Australia, and the United States. In France, Garnacha is a key grape in the southern Rhône Valley, particularly in Châteauneuf-du-Pape, where it is often blended with Syrah, Mourvèdre, and other varieties to create complex, full-bodied wines. It is also prominent in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. In Spain, it is widely grown in regions such as Rioja, Priorat, and Aragon. In Priorat, Garnacha produces powerful, intense wines with great aging potential. In Australia, Garnacha is significant in regions like McLaren Vale and Barossa Valley, where it is often used in GSM (Garnacha, Syrah, Mourvèdre) blends. In the United States, California, particularly the Central Coast and Paso Robles, has seen a rise in Garnacha plantings, producing both single-varietal wines and blends. Garnacha is incredibly versatile and can be used to produce a variety of wine styles, including red wines that range from light and fruity to rich and full-bodied, rosé wines, particularly in Provence, and fortified wines such as Banyuls and Maury in France. Garnacha wines pair well with a variety of foods due to their fruit-forward nature and moderate tannins, complementing dishes such as roasted meats, stews, grilled vegetables, and Mediterranean cuisine. The spicier and earthier notes of aged Garnacha make it an excellent match for game meats and hearty, rustic dishes.

Although Syrah is an internationally known grape that is planted worldwide, it attains distinctive character in northern Rhône—which is often dubbed as Mecca for Syrah. There are several theories about the origin of the grape, but it has been widely accepted that Syrah is native to France and that it probably originated somewhere in the Rhône valley. Syrah-based wines from northern Rhône often differ in style, but they are powerful, full-bodied reds that can age exceptionally well. They usually display aromas of dark fruit that evolve into peppery, earthy, and herbaceous nuances. Northern Rhône is also home to the premier Syrah-based appellations such as Côte Rôtie, Hermitage, Saint-Joseph, Crozes-Hermitage, and Cornas. In the southern Rhône, Syrah is mostly used as an addition to the dominant Grenache. Syrah-based wines generally pair well with grilled or braised meat, stews, and game. Traditionally, French appellations do not include the name of the grape on the label.

Viognier is a grape variety with unclear origins that found its home in the northern Rhône, where it has been cultivated for centuries. It is best known as the single varietal used in the Condrieu appellation, though it is also used as a blending variety in Côte-Rôtie. The grape makes heavily perfumed, mostly full-bodied wines whose character may range from light to rich and creamy. Typical flavors found in most Viognier wines include peach and apricots, while the aromas may range from lighter expressions of stone fruit, honeysuckle, and spring blossom to heartier notes of vanilla and spices. These richly-textured wines pair with equally rich dishes, especially seafood, but they can also match spice-laden Asian fare. Apart from France, Viognier is cultivated in the United States, South America, South Africa, New Zealand, and Australia.

Pinot Gris, also known as Pinot Grigio and Grauburgunder, is a white grape variety whose origins are believed to be in Burgundy, but the grape has shown amazing potential in Alsace—the region with which it is mostly associated nowadays. In Alsace, Pinot Gris is considered a noble grape. In the past, it was mistakenly related with Hungarian Tokaj, and it was often called Tokaj d'Alsace. The wines made from Pinot Gris considerably differ in character than those found in other wine-growing regions. They are dense and concentrated, with typical notes of white flowers, honey, ginger, apricot, lemons, spices, and dry fruit. The wines are typically dry with some off-dry varieties. They are usually full-bodied and pair well with poultry, feathered game, and pork.

Sangiovese is a red grape variety indigenous to Italy that is predominantly grown in Tuscany, but also in other central and southern regions, from Romagna down to Lazio, Campania, and Sicily. It is best known as the main grape used in Chianti or Vino Nobile di Montepulciano and as the only grape in the prestigious Brunello di Montalcino. Though its flavor profile may be influenced by the terroir, Sangiovese based wines are rich in tannins and high in acidity, while their flavor is savory, and may range from rustic to fruity, with typical notes of cherries, dark stone fruit, spices, tobacco, and dry herbs. Because of its savory character, it goes well with a wide range dishes, including pasta, pizza, grilled meats, poultry, charcuterie and matured cheese varieties.

Nero d’Avola is an indigenous Sicilian red grape, whose name, meaning the black of Avola, refers to its distinctive dark color. For most of the 20th century, Nero d'Avola was used as a blending grape, but in the 1990s winemakers started making high-quality, bold varietal wines. Nero d’Avola wines are typically produced as dense and dark, with flavors reminiscent of black fruit and chocolate, or as young and fresh wines that are characterized by cherry and herbal notes. They are high in tannins and pair well with rich meat dishes, hearty stews, and barbecued meat.

Barbera is the most common grape in Piedmont and the third most-planted grape in the country. It is used in varietals and blends. Nowadays, it is considered to have great potential to produce excellent quality wines, although it was once considered as a grape designated for rustic, everyday wine. Dark Barbera-based wines are typically low in tannins and high in acidity. The flavors usually include a combination of raspberries, blackberries, cherries, and strawberries, sometimes with a hint of spices. Oak-aging will typically improve the tannin structure in Barbera wines. Outside of Piedmont, Barbera is an important grape in Lombardy, but it is cultivated in almost all Italian regions. Italian immigrants also brought it to California and South America. The two most prestigious appellations for Barbera in Italy include Barbera D’Alba and Barbera D’Asti. These wines are usually easy-drinking and food-friendly. They are a good match with appetizers and charcuterie, but they can also pair well with pasta and meat-based dishes.

Gewurztraminer is a pink-skinned grape that produces some of the most aromatic and complex white wines in the world. The exact origin of Gewurztraminer is hard to trace, but the grape is related to Traminer family that is cultivated across Europe, and although Gewurztraminer has shown success in Germany, Austria, Australia, Washington and California, the French Alsace region remains its foreground. Alsace produces varietals that are rich and typically deeply colored, often low in acidity and high in alcohol with exotic aromas of lychee and rose petals. Their character and the body heavily depends on the terroir and ripeness of the grapes, and they may range from dry to off-dry and sweet styles. Dry Gewurztraminer from Alsace is a perfect match to cheese and savory, preferably spicy or creamy dishes, while sweeter styles may match fruit or spiced desserts.

Primitivo is an Italian grape variety with quite interesting origins. Research conducted in 1994 proved that the grape is identical to Californian Zinfandel, while it was later discovered that both grapes originated from an old and obscure Croatian grape Crljenak Kaštelanski. Despite the same lineage, these grapes are influenced by their terroir, and they can slightly differ in character. In Italy, Primitivo is mostly cultivated in Apulia, where it is used in the appellation Primitivo di Manduria. Primitivo is a somewhat rustic wine, dark, intense, and rich in tannins that tend to mellow with age. Young styles usually display fruity aromas of cherries, plums, and blackberries, as well as floral notes of violets. Aged varieties tend to develop nuances of cocoa, tobacco, and spices. Primitivo is best paired with meat dishes and aged cheese. It can also work well with lamb, vegetable dishes, game, and legumes.

Sangiovese is a red grape variety indigenous to Italy that is predominantly grown in Tuscany, but also in other central and southern regions, from Romagna down to Lazio, Campania, and Sicily. It is best known as the main grape used in Chianti or Vino Nobile di Montepulciano and as the only grape in the prestigious Brunello di Montalcino. Though its flavor profile may be influenced by the terroir, Sangiovese based wines are rich in tannins and high in acidity, while their flavor is savory, and may range from rustic to fruity, with typical notes of cherries, dark stone fruit, spices, tobacco, and dry herbs. Because of its savory character, it goes well with a wide range dishes, including pasta, pizza, grilled meats, poultry, charcuterie and matured cheese varieties.

Riesling most likely hails from the Rhine region of Germany, but it has shown great success in other European wine regions, primary Austria and Alsace, as well as the United States and Australia. However, the best expressions of the grape are thought to be in Germany where Riesling remains the most planted grape variety. Always high in natural acidity, Riesling wines are incredibly versatile and may range from dry, medium dry or medium sweet to sweet styles. Their primary aromas include a complex combination of ripe peaches, nectarines, pears, apples, and citrus that are often accompanied by herbal, floral, mineral, and earthy nuances, while a distinctive element found in aged Riesling wines is the smoky aroma of petrol. Because of their versatile styles, German Riesling wines tend to be incredibly food-friendly. While dry styles perfectly match poultry, fish, pork, cream sauces, and especially fried and spicy food, sweeter styles can pair well with blue cheese, foie gras, and fruit-based desserts.

Moschofilero is a Greek grape that hails from Peloponnese. It is an aromatic and late-ripening variety that delivers high yields, but it is sometimes sensitive and finicky to grow. Despite its common presence, Moschofilero was only popularized in the 1970s and ’80s, primarily by the producers from PDO Mantinia, the most important wine region for Moschofilero. Varietal Moschofilero wines can be incredibly versatile. They will usually have bright and crisp acidity, which highlights their clean and fresh character. The wines from lower altitudes will usually have more freshness, and those from higher vineyards tend to have a more prominent floral character. Typical aromas are reminiscent of peaches, jasmine, orange blossom, roses, and citrus fruit. Moschofilero is usually enjoyed young, but the best examples sometimes show aging potential. These wines would pair nicely with fish and seafood, poultry, light snacks, spicy dishes, Asian fare, and salads.

Roditis is a pink-skinned variety from Greece that is cultivated throughout the mainland. It is the second most planted grape in Greece, used both in varietals and blends. The grape was mostly used for bland, inexpensive bulk wines, but the recent shift to quality has slightly improved its reputation. Roditis is terroir-driven, and the grape is multi-clonal (at least three confirmed clones), creating wines with somewhat different characters and features. The best expressions come from old vines and high altitudes, resulting in subtly aromatic wines with a medium body and high acidity, such as those from Aigialia Slopes in the Peloponnese. Typical aromas in these wines are reminiscent of apple, pear, and melon, often with a bit of tart and hints of citrus. Roditis-based wines are not built to age, and most should be enjoyed young. These wines are food-friendly and can pair well with traditional Greek dishes. They would go especially well with appetizers, fish, and lighter Greek dishes.

Nero d’Avola is an indigenous Sicilian red grape, whose name, meaning the black of Avola, refers to its distinctive dark color. For most of the 20th century, Nero d'Avola was used as a blending grape, but in the 1990s winemakers started making high-quality, bold varietal wines. Nero d’Avola wines are typically produced as dense and dark, with flavors reminiscent of black fruit and chocolate, or as young and fresh wines that are characterized by cherry and herbal notes. They are high in tannins and pair well with rich meat dishes, hearty stews, and barbecued meat.

Barbera is the most common grape in Piedmont and the third most-planted grape in the country. It is used in varietals and blends. Nowadays, it is considered to have great potential to produce excellent quality wines, although it was once considered as a grape designated for rustic, everyday wine. Dark Barbera-based wines are typically low in tannins and high in acidity. The flavors usually include a combination of raspberries, blackberries, cherries, and strawberries, sometimes with a hint of spices. Oak-aging will typically improve the tannin structure in Barbera wines. Outside of Piedmont, Barbera is an important grape in Lombardy, but it is cultivated in almost all Italian regions. Italian immigrants also brought it to California and South America. The two most prestigious appellations for Barbera in Italy include Barbera D’Alba and Barbera D’Asti. These wines are usually easy-drinking and food-friendly. They are a good match with appetizers and charcuterie, but they can also pair well with pasta and meat-based dishes.

Gewurztraminer is a pink-skinned grape that produces some of the most aromatic and complex white wines in the world. The exact origin of Gewurztraminer is hard to trace, but the grape is related to Traminer family that is cultivated across Europe, and although Gewurztraminer has shown success in Germany, Austria, Australia, Washington and California, the French Alsace region remains its foreground. Alsace produces varietals that are rich and typically deeply colored, often low in acidity and high in alcohol with exotic aromas of lychee and rose petals. Their character and the body heavily depends on the terroir and ripeness of the grapes, and they may range from dry to off-dry and sweet styles. Dry Gewurztraminer from Alsace is a perfect match to cheese and savory, preferably spicy or creamy dishes, while sweeter styles may match fruit or spiced desserts.

Malagousia is an ancient, white-skinned Greek grape that was saved from extinction by Vangelis Gerovassiliou, who brought it back from obscurity in the 1970s. The grape produces aromatic dry wines, which are usually of excellent quality. It is also used to make dense and perfumed dessert styles. On the nose, the wines display intense aromas often reminiscent of peaches, pears, and tropical fruit, usually with citrusy, herbal, and subtle floral notes. On the palate, they are full-bodied, rich, and round, and the best examples manage to remain lively and fresh. Malagousia can be enjoyed young, but it is also aged, both in steel and oak. Dry wines would pair well with Mediterranean and Asian fare, especially seafood, poultry, pasta dishes, salads, and vegetables. Sweet versions can be a good match with fruit desserts.

Saperavi is a resilient red Georgian grape that originated in the eastern region of Kakheti, and though it is still predominant in Georgia, small amounts are also grown in other Eastern European regions, Australia, and the United States. This teinturier grape that has dark skins and flesh produces full-bodied wines of a dark garnet color which are characterized by aromas of ripe red berries and pleasant acidity. Most wines produced from the Saperavi grapes are varietal and have a great tendency to age. Sapervai wines are incredibly versatile and can match a variety of dishes, including delicate fish dishes, stews, grilled meat, or game.

Primitivo is an Italian grape variety with quite interesting origins. Research conducted in 1994 proved that the grape is identical to Californian Zinfandel, while it was later discovered that both grapes originated from an old and obscure Croatian grape Crljenak Kaštelanski. Despite the same lineage, these grapes are influenced by their terroir, and they can slightly differ in character. In Italy, Primitivo is mostly cultivated in Apulia, where it is used in the appellation Primitivo di Manduria. Primitivo is a somewhat rustic wine, dark, intense, and rich in tannins that tend to mellow with age. Young styles usually display fruity aromas of cherries, plums, and blackberries, as well as floral notes of violets. Aged varieties tend to develop nuances of cocoa, tobacco, and spices. Primitivo is best paired with meat dishes and aged cheese. It can also work well with lamb, vegetable dishes, game, and legumes.