This classic French honey cake is often described as a cross between bread and a dessert. It is a Dijon specialty, believed to have its origins in China, where a similar spice cake was made in the 10th century. In France, it first appeared in 1711 and was particularly popular in Reims and Dijon.
In the aftermath of World War II it was rarely found in French cuisine, but soon it regained its popularity. Pain d'épices can be made with honey, rye or wheat flour (depending on the region), and spices such as cardamom, anise, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves.