Cao lầu is a signature dish from Hội An consisting of noodles made from fresh, locally grown rice, lye solution made with ashes of local trees, and water from the local well (Ba Le). Along with the steamed rice noodles, a bowl of cao lầu also consists of thinly sliced roasted pork (char siu), greens, bean sprouts, croutons that are made with the same ingredients as the noodles, and just a splash of flavorful stock.

The origin of the dish is vague, and while some believe it was inspired by Chinese cuisine, some claim that it was modeled on Japanese culinary tradition. Regardless of its origin, cao lầu remains a unique delicacy that is not found outside Hội An.